"Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity "
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Title: Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity  Author(s): Reid Ewing, Tom Schmid, Richard Killingsworth, Amy Zlot, Stephen Raudenbush  Publication: American Journal of Health Promotion, Sep/Oct 2003, V18, I1, 47 Keyword(s): Physical Activity, Urban Design, Sprawl, Obesity Inbrief: Hierarchical modeling was used to examine the relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. 206,992 adults responded to the 1998, 1999, and 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Residents of sprawling counties were likely to walk less during leisure time (p = .004), weigh more (p < .005), and have greater prevalence of hypertension (p = .018) than residents of compact counties. At the metropolitan level, sprawl was similarly associated with minutes walked (p = .04) but not with the other variables.